Sunday, August 30, 2020

Spinoza's Ethics: I.20: Existence Equals Essence

In this demonstration, Spinoza uses the verbs exprimit and explicant which I have translated as "express" and "unfold" respectively. Most translators use the word "express"for exprimit and employ "explain" for explicant. In my view, these translations seem to overly utilize verbal activity. Perhaps this is rooted in John's uses of logos. My reading of Spinoza is that anthropomorphizing is misleading. Here, Spinoza is using express and unfold in the sense of cause immanens like that of a seed expressing its nature and unfolding that nature through time.

Dei existentia ejusque essentia unum et idem sunt.

Translated as,

God's existence and its essence are one and the same.

Demonstratio: Deus (per antecedentem propositionem) ejusque omnia attributa sunt aeterna hoc est (per definitionem 8) unumquodque ejus attributorum existentiam exprimit. Eadem ergo Dei attributa quae (per definitionem 4) Dei aeternam essentiam explicant, ejus simul aeternam existentiam explicant hoc est illud ipsum quod essentiam Deo constituit, constituit simul ipsius existentiam adeoque haec et ipsius essentia unum et idem sunt. Q.E.D.

Translated as,

God (by P19) and all of its attributes are eternal, that is (by D8), each and every one of its attributes expresses existence. Therefore, the same attributes of God which (by D4) unfold God's eternal essence at the same time unfold its eternal existence, that is, that itself which constitutes God's essence at the same time constitutes its existence. To this extent are its existence and essence one and the same.

Corollarium I: Hinc sequitur I Dei existentiam sicut ejus essentiam aeternam esse veritatem.

Translated as,

From this it follows, first, that God's existence, just as its eternal essence, is truth.

Corollarium II: Sequitur, II, Deum sive omnia Dei attributa esse immutabilia. Nam si ratione existentiae mutarentur, deberent etiam (per propositionem praecedentem) ratione essentiae mutari, hoc est (ut per se notum) ex veris falsa fieri quod est absurdum. 

It follows, second, that God, or all of God's attributes, are immutable. For if they were changed by the reason for their existence, they would also (by P20) change as to reason for their essence, that is (as is known through itself), from being true things to becoming false things, which is absurd.

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